The REM sleep has tonic and phasic components to characterize its influence on sleep. During N3, one is considered to be in the deep or delta wave sleep. The NREM phase is further divided into more stages as one goes into deeper sleep. The first phase is non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and the second is rapid eye movement (REM). In a normal person sleep is divided into two major phases, and each phase is further divided into cycles. These phases are important because during certain phase if awakened, the sleep is disturbed and the brain may feel restless. While resting our brain goes through different phases of sleep. Often time lack of sleep causes day-to-day life disturbance. It is an important cycle of resting, restoring energy and using it again. Sleep is very important for the body to rest and restore its energy. One may wake up from the noise but can not hold a conscious conversation while asleep. During sleep the brain is less responsive to external stimuli, which is why individuals do not respond while sleeping. This is why one dreams we sometimes get the feeling of fear, shock, fatigue, and sorrow depending on what the brain was dreaming about. Generally, sleeping is considered as an unconscious state, in which the one may be aroused. More importantly speaking, this paper illustrates the different principles of sleep starting from the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) to the behavioral as well as mental patterns with chronic sleep loss as well as the importance of sleeping acting as a garbage disposal in the body. This new scientific evidence is important because it demonstrates that sleeping can clear “cobwebs” in the brain and help maintain its normal functioning. More specifically, when one sleeps, the brain resets itself, removes toxic waste byproducts which may have accumulated throughout the day. Until recently, the latest research developments have concluded that sleeping has much more impact in the brain than previously thought. In fact, for centuries no scientific evidence has authentically proven the significant reason for sleeping in a molecular level. The emotional and mental handicap with chronic sleep loss as well as the highly hazardous situation which can be constrained by the lack of sleep is a serious concern that people need to be aware of. Sleeping is a basic physiological need, from the simple transitional period to the sleep stage. Interestingly, scientists relate the dangers of chronic sleep loss to being similar to driving while intoxicated with alcohol. Researchers and scientists alike have proven that sleeping improves memory recall and helps regulate the metabolism in the body and reduces mental fatigue. In fact, sleeping influences each individual in numerous ways. Despite being such a huge component of human life, there is still a lot of mystery surrounding the relationship between the brain and the process of sleeping. As a background for this paper we have reviewed literature and research of sleep phases, effects of sleep deprivation, and the glymphatic system of the brain and its restorative effect during the sleep cycle.Įvery human being spends a significant amount of their life sleeping. When sleep is deprived, the active process of the glymphatic system does not have time to perform that function, so toxins can build up, and the effects will become apparent in cognitive abilities, behavior, and judgment. Each phase of the sleep cycle restores and rejuvenates the brain for optimal function. Multiple studies have been done to determine the effects of total sleep deprivation more recently some have been conducted to show the effects of sleep restriction, which is a much more common occurrence, have the same effects as total sleep deprivation. This evidence demonstrates that sleeping can clear the brain and help maintain its normal functioning. When one sleeps, the brain reorganizes and recharges itself, and removes toxic waste byproducts which have accumulated throughout the day. The emotional and mental handicaps associated with chronic sleep loss as well as the highly hazardous situations which can be contributed to the lack of sleep is a serious concern that people need to be aware of. A minimum of 7 hours of daily sleep seems to be necessary for proper cognitive and behavioral function. Sleep has been proven to improve memory recall, regulate metabolism, and reduce mental fatigue. Sleep is an important component of human life, yet many people do not understand the relationship between the brain and the process of sleeping.